emergent
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Wetland and Aquatic Plants of Oklahoma

Interactive Keys: Emergent

Yellow Flowers
 
5. Inflorescence highly modified into disk or ray flowers
     A. Sunflowers (Asteraceae)
          i. Beggarstick (Bidens spp.)
             a. Leaf margins smooth or toothed, but not lobed
             b. Leaves lobed
                  i. Seeds long and narrow
                 ii. Seeds oblong or oval in shape
          ii. Goldentop (Euthamia spp.)
         iii. Sneezeweed (Helenium spp.)
         iv. Coneflower (Rudbeckia sp.)
Sunflowers (Asteraceae)

Beggarstick (Bidens spp.)
 

Leaf margins smooth (entire) or toothed (dentate), but not lobed 

Nodding beggartick (Bidens cernua L.) 
Native annual. 
                                                                                                                          Click thumbnail to enlarge

Bidens cernua map                                   Bidens cernua

Note: Ray flowers absent.

NWI status: OBL

Smooth beggartick (Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P.) 
Native perennial.

Bidens laevis map                   Bidens laevis

Note: Ray flowers obvious.  Only reported from southern McCurtain County.

NWI status: OBL

Leaves lobed

Seeds long and narrow

Bigelow's beggarticks (Bidens bigelovii Gray) 
Native annual.


NWI status: OBL

Seeds oblong or oval in shape

Bearded beggarticks (Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt.) 
Native annual.

Bidens aristosa map                                   Bidens aristosa

Note: Ray flowers present.

NWI status: FACW

Small beggarticks (Bidens discoidea (Torr. & Gray) Britt.) 
Native annual.

Bidens discoidea map                                    Bidens discoidea

Note: Ray flowers absent.

NWI status: FACW

Devil's beggartick (Bidens frondosa L.) 
Native annual.

Bidens frondosa map                                    Bidens frondosa

Note: Ray flowers absent.

NWI status: FACW
 

Goldentop (Euthamia spp.) 

Note: Goldentops are an important larval food for numerous insects.  

Flat-top goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.) 
Native perennial.

Euthamia graminifolia map

Note: Leaves are narrow.

NWI status: FACW- 

Bushy goldentop (Euthamia leptocephala (Torr. & Gray) Greene) 
Native perennial.

Euthamia leptocephala map

Note: Leaves are broader than flat-top goldentop.

NWI status: FACW- 

Sneezeweed (Helenium spp.)

Common sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale L.) 
Native perennial.

Helenium autumnale map                                            Helenium autumnale

Note: The ray and disk flowers are yellow.  Used by the Cherokees to induce sneezing.  The Comanche used it to treat fever.

NWI status: FACW

Purplehead sneezeweed (Helenium flexuosum Raf.) 
Native perennial.

Helenium flexuosum map                                 Helenium flexuosum

Note: The ray flowers are yellow and the disk flowers brown.

NWI status: FACW 

Coneflower (Rudbeckia sp.)

Cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) 
Native perennial.

Rudbeckia laciniata map                                       Rudbeckia laciniata

Note: Leaves were eaten as a salad or dried for later use by the Cherokee.

NWI status: FACW


Last update: 2/25/04
Comments to : Bruce Hoagland

bhoagland@ou.edu

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